Communicable Disease Paper - 1513 Words

Communicable Disease Paper Maria G. Sanchez HCS/457 June 29, 2015 Charlotte A. Ferrell Communicable Disease Paper One of the many highly communicable diseases is chickenpox. This communicable disease is caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) which has a resemblance with the herpes virus. It can be transmitted in two ways, one through direct contact with the fluids from the blisters, mucus, or saliva and second through air where the virus is disseminated by coughing or sneezing. A person who has chickenpox can spread the virus even before he or she has any symptoms. Chickenpox is regarded as highly communicable for individuals who are exposed to the disease for the first time nor have been vaccinated against it. They have an 80% risk of†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, the virus can induce another kind of illness called shingles. After a chickenpox infection, some of the VZV may remain in your nerve cells. Many years later, the virus can reactivate and resurface as shingles, a painful band of short-lived blisters. The virus is more likely to reappear in older adults and people with wea kened immune systems. There are several known complications of chickenpox and these are infections, encephalitis, and hepatitis. Pregnant women are known to be of the highest risk for the virus causing still births and infections during delivery. Environmental factors such as type of season, school sessions, and overcrowding are some of the main causes of the virus’ dispersal. Through research, it has been identified that the varicella-virus occurs during autumn and declines during summer months. During summer months, the virus is known to have diminished as schools are closed and the children seldom get in contact with one another decreasing the transmission of the virus during these months. This cycle corresponds to the typical school year in the United States. When children go back to school in the fall, they begin to increase the spread of the disease. A typical mini-epidemic within a school occurs when one child contracts chickenpox. An infected child in a classroom is all it takes to cause an alarming 90% mini-epidemic. The mini-epidemic can be caused by an overcrowded environment which makes the transmission ofShow MoreRelatedCommunicable Disease Paper911 Words   |  4 PagesCommunicable Disease Paper Tubercul osis  Communicable diseases rely on fluid exchange, contaminated substance, or close contact to travel from an infected carrier to a healthy individual. Many people have never heard of a disease called tuberculosis (TB) or not fully aware how serious this disease really is. I will briefly summarize the research that was conducted on tuberculosis by describing the disease in details and discussing efforts to control it, indentify environmental factors relatedRead MoreCommunicable Disease Paper1814 Words   |  8 PagesCommunicable Disease Paper Communicable disease, â€Å"is an infectious disease transmissible, (as from person to person) by direct contact with an infected individual or the individual’s discharges or by indirect means (as by a vector)† (Merriam-Webster, 2011, p. 1). Understanding how communicable diseases are spread is important in reducing the significant affliction of disease in low income communities across the United States and increase prevention, awareness, and safety. The objective of thisRead MoreCommunicable Disease Paper1338 Words   |  6 PagesCommunicable Disease Paper Jennifer K. Rhodes University of Phoenix Public and Community Health HCS 457 Heather Steiner March 14, 2011 Communicable Disease Paper Chickenpox is a communicable disease and â€Å"one of the classic childhood diseases† (National Institute of Health [NIH], para. 1). In the past, when parents heard a child had come down with chickenpox, parents would form chickenpox parties so other children would contact chickenpox and acquire lifelong immunity. Today anotherRead MoreIn a Written Paper of 1,200-1,500 Words, Apply the Concepts of Epidemiology and Nursing Research to a Communicable Disease.1408 Words   |  6 PagesInfluenza Introduction Influenza is among the most prevalent infectious airborne viral diseases that affect the respiratory system. According to the World Health Organization (2016), the infection majorly affects the throat, nose, and the bronchi, and on rare occasions, it may affect the lungs. Also commonly known as the flu, influenza infection is characterized by sneezing, itchy and running nose as well as throat inflammation. The initial signs and symptoms include fever with temperatures higherRead MoreGlobal Perspective on Health Policy Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pageson health policy issues can be helpful to identify how problems become policy issues and how these issues result in the creation of health care policy. The neglected epidemic of Chronic Disease also known as non- communicable diseases are a controversial issue that needs to be addressed in the world. In this paper, the writer will provide an explanation of how this issue has resulted from a policy’s creation. Identify the steps in the state and federal policy development process. Furthermore, differentiateRead MoreSystematic Review On Non Communicable Disease1098 Words   |  5 PagesSystematic Review on Non-Communicable Disease Julie Valdes Oct, 24, 2016 This review revealed an outbreak of Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in which targeted areas at an increasing rate in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) affected by humanitarian crises. This crisis placed major challenges on humanitarian agencies and governments officials in proposing an effective tactic to tackle such crisis. The aim of this paper is to discuss the analyzedRead Moreepidemiology HIV1204 Words   |  5 Pagesa written paper of 1,200-1,500 words, apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Communicable Disease Selection Choose one communicable disease from the following list: 1. Chickenpox 2. Tuberculosis 3. Influenza 4. Mononucleosis 5. Hepatitis B 6. HIV Epidemiology Paper Requirements Include the following in your assignment: 1. Description of the communicable disease (causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment) and the demographicRead MoreMalaria in Ghana, Africa Essay526 Words   |  3 Pages In this paper, I will compare the established health data to the data I gathered from my interview. I will analyze the established health data and statistics in order to find out if the actual health issues correlate to the perceived health issues that my interviewee mentioned. According to a study conducted by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2004, 61.9% of communicable diseases accounted for the cause of diseases among Ghanaian, 30.8% of non-communicable diseases accounted for the causeRead MoreWhat Are the Social Determinants of Health740 Words   |  3 PagesHow do social determinants of health contribute to the development of illness? What is a communicable disease chain? Are there steps that a nurse can take to break a link within the communicable disease chain? Give a specific example. Readings within your text covering international/global health and the following websites will assist you in answering these questions: 1. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Global Health website: http://www.cdc.gov/cogh/index.htm 2Read MoreAssessment Of Health Protection As Part Of A Public Health1719 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis of an environmental hazard, The impact of communicable diseases and environmental hazards within public health and the factors that determine the severity of that impact will also be discussed. Public Health (PH) Wales was established as a National Health Service (NHS) in October 2009. One of its four statutory functions is to provide and manage a range of services relating to the surveillance, prevention and control of communicable diseases (Wales, P.H. 2013). Ensuring the safety of the Public’s

Thr Brazilian Film Industry - 1028 Words

Brazil The Brazilian cinema has seen its fair share of highs and lows from 1980- 2014. The cinema success is directly related to the people in power since the cinema is funded through government subsides. Brazilian producers cant hold a candle to the American cinema, not many can, they tried making box offices hits. Last year, in 2013, the top 10 films in Brazil were posted and a Brazilian film was the 3rd American imported films came in the first two. The little victories are important to a country that has such a free- trade market they don’t focus on pushing their own cinema. The early 1980’s were a dark time for Brazil. President Figueiredo came into office when debt and unemployment were at its highest. Also Brazil was in $90million dollar debt. This economic struggle introduces Brazilian cinema to a new low. By the early 1990’s President Collar opens the market to free trade. This was to industrialize Brazil, and attempt to cut government spending. Cutting government spending hurt cinema, which is why there will be a large decline in the early 1990s. By 1992 president Franco came into office. The inflation rate by this time doubled. This was a very bad time for brazils government. With the economy doing so poorly the urban crime life was high, acting as a muse for many producers. At this time 40% of the domestic films were documentaries on urban violence. In the 1980s to produce a film in Brazil is cost about $500,000 in order for the film to pay for itself

Take a Picture, It Lasts Longer free essay sample

The process of taking a picture fascinates me. It is instantaneous, which is impressive on account of the multitude of subconscious steps taken. First, a person decides which memories are worth capturing; that is the hardest part. A photographer focuses on one subject and eventually zooms in. Then, she must choose, in that instant, to click the shutter button. After this, the shutter is released, and she finally achieve a physical representation of a memory. At this point you may anticipate my intent to convey my adoration for photography; but, the funny thing is, I do not even own a camera! However, I understand this process because I experienced it when everything in my life began to â€Å"click†. I was forced to â€Å"focus† on my high school experience. In my freshman year lit class, I scanned the room searching for the perfect moment to capture, I found that English was my â€Å"moment worth capturing†. We will write a custom essay sample on Take a Picture, It Lasts Longer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I began to understand my passion was reading and writing. My teachers inspired me with their encouragement during my freshman and sophomore years. I was honored to be considered one of their top students and was further encouraged to pursue literature at a higher level. Consequently, I was prepared to â€Å"zoom in† on literature by challenging myself in honors my junior year. I had never looked forward to a class more than I looked forward to my honors English class with the hardest teacher in the building. She helped me realize that transforming into an adult was not about becoming a new person, but rather evolving and finding a goal to motivate myself. This class exposed me to classic literature. This was a crucial point in my high school career because my goal was to independently gain knowledge through reading, and not just memorizing my three hundred anatomy vocabulary words. Classic literature provided me with a new perspective on English because it entailed better focus and open-mindedness. The Scarlet Letter and Huckleberry Finn helped me appreciate the wisdom divulged throughout these novels. I came to treasure the process of breaking apart metaphors and identifying symbolism.This teacher unknowingly helped me establish goalsthrough the unlimited amount of hours she devoted to helping me evolve as a student. She encouraged me to push myself in a ll aspects of my life. In order to explore my potential as a writer, I fully engaged myself in the writing process. I sought out extra help because I was genuinely interested in fulfilling my potential as a writer. While striving for excellence, I also make sure to go beyond my comfort zone and establish an original idea through hard work. Specifically, I worked harder than I ever imagined while writing a character analysis of Chillingworth from The Scarlet Letter. After achieving a high grade, the flash went off. I understood that I was passionate about literature and willing to push myself in order to succeed. Finally by the end of my junior year I was prepared to click the shutter button on literature. Now that I was more confident in my ability in English, I was able to pursue another goal of mine which is establishing an alternative literary magazine. The previous moments that coincide with a picture led up to my enrollment in Advanced Placement English. This is essentially the picture I created because it encompasses all of the effort I had exerted throughout my high school career into English. I do not claim to have reached adulthood fully, but I feel as though I am ready to look for the subject of my next picture in college. I choose to believe that I have grown significantly as a person through my experience at this high school, both in perseverance and strength. I hope to build a legacy to aid future students in discovering their own passion through creative writing and art.

The Great Divorce free essay sample

The Great Divorce, the narrator suddenly, and inexplicably, finds himself in a grim and joyless city (the grey town, representative of hell). He eventually finds a bus for those who desire an excursion to some other place (and which eventually turns out to be the foothills of heaven). He enters the bus and converses with his fellow passengers as they travel. When the bus reaches its destination, the people on the bus — including the narrator — gradually realize that they are ghosts. Although the country is the most beautiful they have ever seen, every feature of the landscape (including streams of water and blades of grass) is unbearably solid compared to themselves: it causes them immense pain to walk on the grass, and even a single leaf is far too heavy for any of them to lift. Shining figures, men and women whom they have known on earth, come to meet them, and to persuade them to repent and enter heaven proper. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Divorce or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They promise that as the ghosts travel onward and upward, they will become acclimated to the country and will feel no discomfort. These figures, called spirits to distinguish them from the ghosts, offer to assist them in the journey toward the mountains and the sunrise. Almost all of the ghosts choose to return instead to the grey town, giving various reasons and excuses. Much of the interest of the book lies in the recognition it awakens of the plausibility and familiarity, along with the thinness and self-deception, of the excuses that the ghosts refuse to abandon, even though to do so would bring them to reality and joy forevermore. The narrator is met by the writer George MacDonald, whom he hails as his mentor, just as Dante did when encountering Virgil in the Divine Comedy; and MacDonald becomes the narrators guide in his journey, just as Virgil became Dantes. MacDonald explains that it is possible for a soul to choose to remain in heaven despite having been in the grey town; for such souls, their time in hell has been a period of testing, and the goodness of heaven will work backwards into their lives, turning even their worst sorrows into joy, and changing their experience on earth to an extension of heaven. Conversely, the evil of hell works backwards also, so that if a soul remains in, or returns to, the grey town, even its happiness on earth will lose its meaning, and its experience on earth would have been hell. None of the ghosts realize that the grey town is, in fact, hell. Indeed it is not that much different from the life they led on earth: joyless, friendless, and uncomfortable. It just goes on forever, and gets worse and worse, with some characters whispering their fear of the night that is to eventually come. According to MacDonald, heaven and hell cannot coexist in a single soul, and while it is possible to leave hell and enter heaven, doing so implies turning away (repentance); or as depicted by Lewis, giving up paltry worldly pleasures and self-indulgences — which have become impossible for the dead anyway — and embracing ultimate and unceasing joy itself. In answer to the narrators question MacDonald confirms that what is going on is a dream. The use of the chess game imagery as well as the correspondence of dream elements to elements in the narrators waking life are reminiscent of Lewis Carrolls Alices Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. The narrator discovers that the vast grey town and its ghostly inhabitants are minuscule to the point of being invisible compared with the immensity of heaven and reality. This is illustrated in the encounter of the blessed woman and her husband: she is surrounded by gleaming attendants while he shrinks down to invisibility as he uses a collared tragedian to speak for him. Toward the end of the narrative the terror of the dreaming narrator of remaining a ghost in the advent of full daybreak in heaven is that of the man with his dream of judgment day in the House of the Interpreter of The Pilgrims Progress. The book ends with the narrator awakening from his dream of heaven into the unpleasant reality of wartime Britain, in conscious imitation of The Pilgrims Progress, the last sentence of the First Part of which is: So I awoke, and behold, it was a Dream. Main Characters The Narrator (it is implied that this is Lewis himself) — main focus of the narrative George MacDonald — the writer, who acts as guide to the narrator. And also many other small characters that play some pretty important roles in explaining Lewis ideas. Allusions/references to other works Lewis consciously draws elements of the plot from Dante (The Divine Comedy) and Bunyan; for example, comparing his meeting with MacDonald to the first sight of Beatrice. He also credits the idea that hell exists within heaven but is smaller than one atom of it to his scientifiction readings; travel by shrinking or enlargement is a common theme in speculative fiction, and the narrator alludes to its presence in Alice in Wonderland. In the preface, Lewis explains the origin of his idea that heaven is immutable to the ghosts from hell, referencing an unnamed science fiction work which gave him the notion of a character being unable to affect matter around him because he ha d traveled back in time to the unchangeable past.

Summary of The More Factor free essay sample

The Ideological and Unsustainable Values of American Culture In The More Factor, by Laurence Shames, it is explained that the wholly American views of unending frontier, opportunity, and more have always been a part of who we are as a people. Over time these ideals and their growth have shifted from that of the physical world to that of economic expansion. Eventually society was faced with the realization that this growth is not sustainable, and that we must face this truth in order to reevaluate and shift our values to a more realistic view. I feel that this change in cultural values is something that must be dealt with in order for our society to continue to be relevant in today’s world. Dreams of the frontier, opportunity, and the idea of more have been at the core of American ideals from the very beginning. With this came the renowned American optimism which has become an integral part of our culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of The More Factor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shames writes that these views have always been a part of our culture, and he uses a great example for evidence of this optimism in his detailing of the story of speculators in Texas in the 1880’s from F. Stanley’s Story of the Texas Panhandle Railroads. The passage goes on and describes how speculators would risk all they had to build a town from scratch in the middle of nowhere, hiring workmen to build saloons, churches, hotels and more, then bribing people to move to the town for a short period of time in hopes that railroad companies would be lured into passing a railroad through if it succeeded in casting a semblance of a real town. If the speculators were successful in this risky investment and a railroad was built, their returns would be unbelievably large, but if not they faced losing everything they put into the towns. One specific example Shames uses is of a speculator named Sanborn who built the town of Amarillo and succeeded in attracting the railroads and earning himself a fortune. He then goes on and explains that they did this for two reasons, for one the returns were so enormous that normal logic did not apply, and second, that it was assumed that America would continue to expand and grow. This and the many other booms justified and helped to create Americans’ famous optimism, and also led to the national growth of the habit of more, or that the frontier wasn’t land specifically, but that it was also an idea. The American idea of the frontier shifted from the literal physical form, such as land, to that of the economy. Even with the shift towards having more monetarily rather than the physical aspect, the frontier continues to be a part of who we are as Americans. Shames explains that we are not running out of the essentials that keep our society going such as money, skill, passion and opportunity, but he goes on to write, â€Å"there have been ample indications over the past two decades that we are running out of more† (89). We view our economy as ever expanding in opportunity and wealth but in reality that growth has become stagnant at best and has even shrunk in recent times. With figures taken from the Economic Report of the President published in 1984, Shames uses examples to describe the downward moving trend in productivity growth. Productivity in the private sector between 1947 and 1965 on average advanced 3. 3 percent, but by the 1982 to 1987 period, it had declined to an extremely low 0. 2 percent growth average. The crippled growth average during this period was also accompanied by the shrinking of Americans real earnings between the ages of twenty-five and thirty-four in the years of 1979 to 1983 by 14 percent. This overall downturn shows that where economic growth once was the new frontier, it must now be replaced by something else, and the author suggests that a growth in happiness and responsibility will have to replace our need to believe that our opportunities continue to expand. The use of economics as our new frontier was hailed as an unending prospect, but in reality that end did come. Once the unending growth was no longer guaranteed, Americans as a whole for the first time had to deal with the realization that it is not a part of the â€Å"natural order† to become richer with every passing year (91). The generation that faced this cultural crisis was the baby boomers, and Shames quotes Thomas Hine’s Populuxe, saying in their childhood they were said to be â€Å"the luckiest generation†, when in all reality they were the ones who were forced to face the truth, that America’s belief in the thought that one will be richer every year was flawed (92). Because of this our society must deal with this reality and decide whether or not to remain ignorant or to otherwise come to terms with these faulty and unachievable views, and work to forge new and more practical ideals that apply in this unpredictable world that will allow our society to continue to thrive into the future. Although Shames does a good job describing this problem, he could go much deeper by either offering or describing a probable solution or even what the consequences could be if we do not make a change. Shames use of many different sources such as books, newspapers and other professional sources throughout the paper uses multiple types of proof including quotes, census data, polls and more shows his dedication towards reaching the truth and conveying it in an expertly written piece. The multitude of sources and information included in the essay not only explained its’ points but also helped greatly with its use of measurable data throughout. This paper’s thorough evidence was extremely successful convincing me of the validity of not only the author’s central argument but also the points used to support it. The auther is speaking to the American public with the intent to inform and warn them that without a change the America we know and love may not survive into the future. Shames, Laurence. The More Factor. 2009. Signs of Life in the USA: Readings on Popular Culture for Writers. Boston: Bedford, 1997. 86-92. Print.

Realism in Girlfriends (1978) Directed by Claudia Weill

Realism in Girlfriends (1978) Directed by Claudia Weill The Girlfriends is a movie produced in 1978 and directed by Claudia Weill. The movie’s script was written by Vickie Polon (Tibbetts 270). In spite of the fact that it narrates about women, the movie cannot be considered feministic. Nonetheless, Girlfriends has some similar attributes to Agnes Vardar’s movie titled One Sings, The Other Doesn’t in terms of the theme and other technical aspects.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Realism in Girlfriends (1978) Directed by Claudia Weill specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The film is basically about two women who fight to sustain their companionship in light of a male-dominated society, marriage, abortion and family obligations. The women strive to keep a balance between their affection for each other and their affection for the men they love (Tibbetts 271). Claudia has kept the slice-of-life movie pragmatic and simple, with humor and charisma unde r the silence anxiety (Levy 6). The Girlfriends bears similarities to Eric Rohmer’s movies of 1970s and 1980s in terms of style. The Girlfriends film is extremely stark and nothing much occurs in it. Nonetheless, the ordinary nature of the characters appears to attract the viewers. In a number of ways, the cast of this movie is plain and the scenery is very grey. The dialogue is also mundane. However, the film possesses charm and warmth which draws the viewers (IMDB 1). In contrast to the openly feminist angle employed in the One Song, The Other Doesn’t, The Girl Friend’s film steers clear of feminist polemic, first-person storyline as well as the doubtful corroboration of fable and street theater. The Girlfriends film does not make use of didacticism and declamation of the Brechtian technique apparent in the Varda film. The dialogues in The Girlfriends movie are moderate and oblique, and a superb sense of the accidental exists. What’s more, the movie doe s not purely confront us but rather shuffles alongside, serenely waiting for the audience to discern it. In other words, it is episodic, discourteous, baffling as well as ultimately unpredictable (Tibbetts, 271). When Suzanne and Apple (characters in the Varda film) finally meet at the end of the film, we recognize it as a major triumph for feminism. However, when Susan and Annie (characters in The Girl Friends film) attain their final conspiratorial fete, we merely comprehend that the triumph of companionship is really a hurdling of portrayals. It is liberating as well as mysterious. However, according to Vickie Polon, this theme is rarely depicted in many movies. Vickie contends: It’s hard to think of any American films that have intelligently treated changing female roles†¦recent films have demonstrated a new the power of women in major film roles†¦for that reason, am very pleased to see these films come out of Hollywood†¦I think The Girlfriends is a breakth rough in the treatment of female relationships (Tibbetts 271).Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The movie begins with both Susan and Annie trying to conserve what they feel is actually the definite boundary of their existence. The first shot of the film discloses Susan taking a photo of the sleeping shape of Annie, her roommate. Later on, when Annie gets married to Martin, Susan relentlessly asks Annie if she is sure the relationship will work. However, Annie settles for marriage because she feels that it embodies an extension of the reliance she has on Susan. The new situations that both Anne and Susan find themselves in justify new survival ploys (Levy 5). For Annie, it implies dealing with children and an oddly passive and quite spouse, as well as a shattered writing job. For Susan, it implies learning to steer the unfamiliar terrain of a vacant apartment, co ping assertively with her potential photography patrons, as well as her association with a mystifying world of men- a nagging boyfriend, a demeaning magazine editor, a lonely rabbi and an incapable cab driver (Tibbetts 272). The movie does not present the story in the conventional sense of the word; neither does it reveal any objective lessons. In light of the tightly-plotted storyline, everything that takes place in the present is geared towards what Suzanne Langer describes, as a destiny, an essential scene which is the logical outcome of everything that precedes it. The 19th century playwrights, such as Sardou and Scribe, and movie makers (e.g. Hitchcock and Lang) have previously explored this deterministic representation. Although most of commercial movies utilize clear-cut linear storylines, The Girl Friends intentionally does not lend importance to the causality in the arrangement of scenes and shots (Kubrick 2). The film is somewhat plot-less (events and details are scattered ). The details of the film are more autonomous and not tied to the overall plot structure. In fact, the main scene may be lost in general. However, the presence of a key situation or character unites this type of schema (Tibbetts 273). The Girlfriends is united together by the fluctuating rhythm that alternately unites and divides Annie and Susan (IDMB n. p.). The screenplay and direction are arranged in a manner that keeps main themes at the edge of the vision (off-angle). As a result, events and characters in the film are depicted half out of the picture.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Realism in Girlfriends (1978) Directed by Claudia Weill specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, key themes in the film are oppression; marital mix-up and abortion are kept off-angle. Consequently, the news about Annie’s abortion is offhandedly slotted into a discussion about something else. What’s more, the love affair between Susan and her boyfriend takes place during a discussion on mashed potatoes. The relationship between Rabbi Gold and Susan ends when the former decides to take his family to a football match (Tibbetts 273). The Girlfriends film seems to depict a deceptively off-hand appearance which in part is attributed to the oblique technique employed. This technique is described by Polon as â€Å"moment to moment quality, the deception of those little things that can make us make choices that reveal us as people† (Tibbetts 273). These details are cautiously selected. He further notes that â€Å"the development of situations and the order of events are carefully thought out†¦there is an incredible attention to structure and character† (Tibbetts 273). The film also employs minor characters (e.g. the young female hitchhiker) whose role is to reveal the key characters in high relief. On the same note, the incidental quality of most of the conversations in t he film is illusory. The gibberish word-game between Susan and Annie at the end of the film provides the much needed relief for them in light of the alterations that separated them. For example, the obliquity of the conversation between the two characters about Annie’s abortion is among the outstanding aspects of the movie. It is the type of dialogue uncharacteristic of classic drama. It lacks both mathematical and symmetrical structure. Therefore, the dialogue in the movie functions elliptically and follows a disjointed, zigzag course that is scarcely noticed in real life. However, the same might be referred to as absurd or naturalistic in the film or theatre. Evidences of this phenomenon abound in the movie. For example, the numerous exchanges between Susan and Annie (as well as the hitchhiker); the scene (at the party) where Erik and Susan meet and pair up; and particularly the exchange between Rabbi Gold and Susan as they rest following a bar-mitzvah (Tibbetts 274). Throu ghout the dialogues presented in the film, it becomes apparent that characters prod cautiously at each other, leap forward and back, always in search for what Strindberg referred to as chance cogs. The film’s obliquity seems to have derive its inspiration from Chekhov, especially from The Cherry Orchard play in which the characters appear to encircle cautiously around each other. It thus becomes irritating (Tibbetts 275).Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Neither Annie nor Susan can be compared to any expedient outlines we may anticipate from the unshackled females of contemporary cinema or the sensational productions of classic movies. For example, Ann is neurotic, pinched and wan whereas Susan is short-sighted, plump and clumsy. Thus, they do not present themselves in the center-screen. On the contrary, just like all other aspects of the movie, they are at an off-angle. For example, Susan peers behind thick glasses and camera tripods while Annie glances from behind loads of laundry and typewriters. Nonetheless, both Susan and Annie are intensely lively characters (Tibbetts 276). According to Polon, some of the established definitions appear challenged by this film. For example, the characters have to deal with somewhat inflexible boundaries that segregate their lives. What’s more, viewers have to cope with a movie that constantly interrupts their assumptions and expectations. The Girlfriends is neither a story movie nor a fe minist polemic. Nonetheless, it amazes and amuses in its own distinctive way. The approach employed in the movie is oblique engagement (before the audience is aware, the movie seems to have emerged from nowhere). For example, during one spectacular scene when the rabbi and Susan rest (following a bar-mitzvah), the viewers become conscious that something wonderful is taking place even as the two characters engage in quite discussions (Tibbetts 276). Questions and Answers What is the difference between Hollywood films and The Girl Friends film? The Girl Friend’s film steers clear of feminist polemic, first-person storyline and the doubtful corroboration of fable and street theater. It does not use didacticism and declamation of the Brechtian technique apparent in the Varda film. The dialogues in the movie are moderate and oblique and a superb sense of the accidental exists (an attribute not seen in Hollywood films). What’s more, the movie does not purely confront us bu t rather shuffle alongside, serenely waiting for the audience to discern it. Briefly describe the plot-structure employed in the film The movie does not present the story in the conventional sense of the word neither does it reveal any objective lessons. In light of the tightly-plotted storyline, everything that takes place in the present is geared toward a destiny, an essential scene which is the logical outcome of all that precede it. Although most of commercial movies use clear-cut linear storylines, The Girl Friends intentionally does not lend importance with regard to the causality in the arrangement of scenes and plots. The film is somewhat plot-less (events and details are scattered). Briefly describe the oblique technique employed in the movie The Girl Friends film seems to depict a deceptively off-hand appearance which, in part, is attributed to the oblique technique employed. The screenplay and direction are arranged in a way that keeps main themes at the edge of the v ision (off-angle). As a result, events and characters in the film are depicted half out of the picture. IDMB. â€Å"Girlfriends.† 12 Jun. 2010. Web. Kubrick, Stanley. â€Å"AMG AllMovie Guide: Girlfriends.† 2012. Web. Levy, Emmanuel. â€Å"Film Reviews: The Girl Friends.† 2012. Web. Tibbetts, John. A matter of Definition: Out of Bounds in The Girlfriends. Kansas: University of Kansas, 1978. Print.

Interaction with other professions and how it has informed my Essay

Interaction with other professions and how it has informed my understanding of inter-proffesional care and my practice in relati - Essay Example During my practice, I received input from fellow nursing student. However, I have also received numerous inputs from the wards, OTs and the Physiotherapy. This reflective essay focuses my interactions with other professions, how the interactions have informed my understanding of inter-professional care and my practice in relation to patient centeredness. The case I will reflect on involved an elderly female patient who was living alone. She was admitted into the hospital after she fell at home. Because of the fall, the patient had limited mobility. For diagnosis, she underwent an x-ray. The x-ray revealed extensive damage on the knee. However, the damage had not resulted from the fall but was due to severe arthritis. She was not going to be considered for a knee replacement mainly due to her age. After checking on the family background, it was unfortunate that the lady had alienated her family and completely severed all contact. Additonally, the lady had no contact with her neighbors and had live most of her old age life alone relying on herself. She had bad relations even with members of the society. The bad relations with other people could be attributable to her character. This is because the old lady is prone to making accusations against all the people she meets. The lady wished to return to her home. Therefore, the Occupational Therapist (OT) had to do a home assessment to ensure that the environment was appropriate. After the assessment, the OT felt that there was need for a significant clear out of the lady’s home. This is because the lady would have to use a pulpit for mobility purposes. The device is quite large and the lady would have to live in the living room. Although the lady insisted on being left to go back to her residence, I felt that such an arrangement would not function appropriately for a long period, since she had no relations. The OT had another challenge. Nobody was willing to help in the clearing out the house since the lady ha d severed all the relation she ever had. Moreover, the physical condition she was in could not allow her to do the clearing since she needed to use a wheelchair, which she had not yet received. The only solution was for the patient to employ a solicitor and give him the power of an attorney to oversee the implementation of all the needed changes. Another problem that the OT had noticed was the nonfunctional fire alarm in the lady’s home. When she told me about it, I suggested for a complete fire inspection by the local fire brigade. After the inspection, the fire brigade put the patient’s name in the register of the vulnerable people and those with mobility issues. Although the OT wanted us to get the lady a personal alarm, it was impossible at that moment since the three people in the community were required to be used as contact. However, no one was willing to be involved with anything to do with the old lady. Therefore, the OT suggested a small mobile house phone th at could be carried with the pocket. Following my interaction with the OT, the old sick lady, the community and other different professions, I was able to understand the significance of interactions between nurses

Computer Virus Charges Sought Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Computer Virus Charges Sought - Assignment Example 3. The I Love You Virus, as one of the first major viruses since the internet exploded in the late 90s and early 2000s shook people’s faith in the internet as a secure place. It also taught users that they had to be very careful of attacks that take advantage of their emotional states (by encouraging them to click/download something in order to cause a virus on their computer), such as the â€Å"I love you† message or other questionable content.   4. Guzman did not face any direct punishment for his crimes. Though Pilipino authorities tried to charge with a variety of crimes from theft to criminal mischief, none of the charges landed because of lack of evidence and the fact that the Pilipino criminal justice system was simply not set up to deal with cyber attacks. His name, however, will forever be associated with this virus and he will have a hard time finding employment in the future (Landler). I think that this punishment might fit the crime – it’s impossible for someone to make reparations for billions of dollars worth of damages, and people need to take some responsibility for their own internet behavior. If Guzman didn’t do this, someone else would have.   

Protein Estimation by Bradford's Method Lab Report

Protein Estimation by Bradford's Method - Lab Report Example This paper applies the Bradford’s method to investigate the relationship between protein concentration and absorbance rate. The study is based on established assumption that observed rate of absorption is proportional to protein concentration and developed relationship between known concentrations and observed absorbance rates can be used to determine unknown concentrations, given their absorbance rates. The study’s data identifies a deviation from the proposed proportionality between concentration and absorbance rates. Significance of this inconsistency is ascertained by analysis of variance that adopts the null hypothesis for lack of significant relationship between concentration and absorbance rates. This is because of the high probability value, 0.056 percent. Application of the proposed regression model confirms the inconsistency by yielding a negative concentration. The paper therefore concludes that the inconsistency with established literature is because of inac curate experimental results. Protein estimation by Bradford’s method Introduction Proteins are essential components of cells and organs, a factor that forms the basis of their significance in the body as well as the need for their intake in nutrients to meet required levels for a healthy body. Nutritional needs institute the importance of developed knowledge of required protein intake levels, and determination recommended quantities of food supplies that can meet such required levels. Existence of protein in definite concentrations in body fluids also identifies the significance of studying protein concentration in the body, which can be used to determine normalcy or existence diseases to alter equilibrium protein concentrations (Chem, p. 105). There are a number of techniques, such as the Bradford method, which can be used to determine protein concentrations in compounds. The method applies spectroscopy to relate known concentrations to their corresponding absorbance rate. T his is because of a linear relationship between concentration of protein in a solution and the ability of that solution to absorb dye (Maud and Foster, p. 164). Visibility of the absorbed dye, which is proportional to the dye’s concentration in the solution, is therefore used to establish a relationship between absorbance readings from the spectroscopy and protein concentration (Ruf, p. 1). The Bradford’s method further assumes that protein concentration is the only determinant of the dye’s absorbance. This means that for any given environmental conditions, similar protein concentrations yield similar absorbance rates (Thermo, p. 1). A linear regression model can therefore be developed and used to determine unknown concentrations, given their corresponding absorption alues. The regression model determines existence of a significant relationship between the known concentrations and the absorbance rates for predictions, and regression coefficient (Ross, p. 131- 13 4). This study was performed to ascertain existence of a relationship between known protein concentrations and their corresponding absorbance rates. The study aimed at using the established relationship to determine unknown protein concentration, based on its absorbance rate. In order to achieve its objective, the study explored the question, ‘is there a significant relationship between protein concentration and absorbance?’ The study investigated the following set of hypotheses for the research question. H0: There is no significant

Geometric Morphometrics Analysis of Fish

Geometric Morphometrics Analysis of Fish Use of Fish Geometric Morphometric Markers for Characterizing Shape Variations of Selected Fishes: Family Leiognathidae in the Marine Waters of Zamboanga City, Western Mindanao, Philippines Roldan T. Echem Abstract [AU1] In this investigation, geometric morphometric analysis was used to determine the extent and degree of morphological diversity within and among four species of fishes under Family Leiognathidae and one out-group under Family Menidae collected in the marine waters of Zambonaga City. A total of 200 of fish samples, these include Leiognathus equulus, L. fasciatus, L. bindus, L. daura and one out-group Mene maculata which showed evolution and diversification of L. fasciatus, were subjected to various geometric morphometric analyses. Fish samples were scanned at uniform 400 dpi and the resulting images were binarized using SCIONIMAGE, an image analysis and processing software. The x and y coordinates of a total of 15 landmark points were collected from around the contour of the fish samples. For the landmark analyses, the 15 landmark coefficients were used as morphometric variables for multivariate and cluster analyses in order to assess its shape. Procrustes fitting of the landmark points allowed for the comparison of the various shapes of the fish samples. The resultant shape variables were analyze to determine differences in form, contour and profile of the fishes using geometric thin-plate spline grids (TPS), partial warps (PW) and relative warps (RW). Results of this study showed variations in the various species of fishes under Family Leiognathidae and within each species. Significant differences were found among species and these shape changes are probably related to differences in habitat and feeding habits among the species. Keywords: Biology, Leiognathidae, Geometric morphometrics, Partial-warp scores, Multivariate  Analysis, Western Mindanao, Philippines Introduction [AU2] Leiognathids are schooling, bacterially bioluminescent fishes abundant in coastal bay and estuarine environments throughout the Philippine Islands (Borja, 1978)[AU3]. The family is readily divided into three genera namely; Gazza, Leiognathus and Secutor, but due to the wide geographical distribution of the family and morphological similarity of the species within genus, much confusion presently exists over identification of the 20 to 30 species (Borja, 1978; James, 1985)[AU4]. Menidae (moonfishes) are a morphologically distinctive group represented by a single recent and numerous fossil species. Members of this family are easily recognized by their laterally compressed disc-like bodies, dorsally oriented mouth large, distinctly shaped maxillae and long ascending processes of the premaxillae, anteroposteriorly elongated dorsal and anal fins with relatively short rays, and narrow pelvic fins with a compressed and greatly elongated second ray. This unique morphology is conserved over th e known fossil history of this group, and characterizes the only extant member of Menidae, Mene maculata (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[AU5]. This recent form is found throughout the Indo-Pacific, ranging from the eastern coast of Africa, India, the Philippines, northern Australia, and Japan. The phylogenetic affinities of Mene have been the subject of some historical debate. Morphological characters have been commonly used in fisheries biology to measure discreteness and relationships among various taxonomic categories (Bookstein, 1991). However, the major limitation of morphological characters at the intra-specific level is that phenotypic variation is not directly under genetic control but subjected to environmental modification. Blake (1983) stated that the phenotypic plasticity of fish allows them to respond adaptively to environmental change by modification in their physiology and behavior which leads to changes in their morphology, reproduction or survival that mitigate the effects of environmental variation. Such phenotypic adaptations do not necessarily result in genetic changes in the population, and thus the detection of such phenotypic differences among populations cannot usually be taken as evidence of genetic differentiation. According to Sparks (2004) that environmentally induced phenotypic variation may have advantages in the stock identif ication, especially when the time is insufficient for significant genetic differentiation to accumulate among populations. A fundamental problem facing systematists and comparative biologists is that of deciding just how two separate phenotypes are different. Geometrics morphometric analyses can thus be a first step in investigating the stock structure of species with large population sizes of Leiognathids and Menids. No study so far has examined the relation of body form in these groups of fishes using the methods of geometric morphometrics analyses of landmark data. Morphometric studies are based on a set of measurements which represent size and shape variation and are continuous data. The geometric morphometric analysis covers the entire fish in a uniform network, and theoretically should increase the likelihood of extracting morphometric differences within and between species (Rohlf, 1990). There is evidence that geometric morophometric analysis is much more powerful in describing morphological variation between closely related fish taxa than traditional measurements (Turan, 1998). When combined with multivariate statistical procedures, they offer the most powerful tool for testing and graphically displaying differences in shape (Loy et al. 1993, Rohlf and Marcus 1993, Rohlf et al. 1996). The main objective of this paper was to use geometric morphometric analyses to determine the extent and degree of morphological diversity within and among four species of fishes under Family Leiognathidae and one out-group under family Menidae collected in the marine waters of Zamboanga City. Second, to determined patterns of significant differentiation and its biological implications, and third, to analyzed the taxonomic classification of the four species fishes belonging to family leiognathidae and one out-group under family menidae based on their morphological characters. Method [AU6] A total of 200 of fish samples, these include Leiognathus equulus, L. fasciatus, L. bindus, L. daura and one out-group M. maculataan evolution and diversification of L. fasciatus, were subjected to various geometric morphometric analyses (Figure 1). Figure 1. Fish samples under family Leiognathidae and family Menidae. Geometric morphometric methods usually begin with digitized images. The fish samples were scanned at uniform 400 dpi and the resulting images were binarized using SCIONIMAGE, an image analysis and processing software. The x and y coordinates of a total of 15 landmark points were identified and collected from around the contour of the fish samples (Figure 2). Figure 2. Relative positions of all landmarks assigned on the body of the fishes. landmark’s  description (Leiognathus equulus in the example): (1) snout tip; (2) nostrils;  (3) anterior and posterior;(4) insertion of the dorsal fin; (5) insertion of the second  dorsal fin;(6) origin of the caudal fin;(7) middle of the caudal fin;(8) insertion of the  caudal fin;(9) insertion of the anal fin;(10) origin of the anal fin;(11) origin of  Ã‚  the pelvic fin;(12) origin of pectoral fin;(13) posteriormost margin of the  operculum;(14) junction between maxilla and upper lip;(15) middle of the eye Then contours of the fish samples were then summarized as chain codes. For the landmark analyses, the 15 landmark coefficients were used as morphometric variables for multivariate statistical analyses and hierarchical cluster analyses in order to assess the shape. To remove all information unrelated to shape, a generalized orthogonal least-squares Procrustes (GPA) superimposition (translation, scaling and rotation) described in Rohlf and Slice (1990) was conducted on the sets of landmarks. Procrustes fitting of the landmark points allowed for the comparison of the various shapes of the fish samples. Consensus configurations of each species were subjected to thin-plate spline (TPS), partial warps (PW) and relative warps (RW) to determine variations in shapes through examination of the deform shape of the grids. The extent and degree of variability within and between species belonging to the same family leiognathidae including the out-group were also assessed using the method of Principal component analysis. PCA is a discriminant function analysis to confirm size and shape variations. PCA involves the calculation of the eigen value of the data and the results of a PCA are usually described in terms of component scores and loadings. Discriminant function analysis is used to determine which variables discriminate between two or more naturally occurring groups. Canonical analysis are obtained to performed a multiple group discriminant analysis and automatically determine some optimal combination of variables so that the first function provides the most overall discrimination between groups, the second provides second most, and so on. The uniform components were tested for significant differences among species by multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA: (Neff and Marcus 1980). Multivariate anal ysis of variance was performed to test for significant differences in shapes between species, a multivariate was obtained F value (Wilks lambda) based on a comparison of the covariance matrix. Results and Discussion [AU7] Table 1 revealed that there was a high significant difference between the x and y components (p = 0.0001) of the landmarks on the contours of the fish. Table1 Analysis of variance of the x and y uniform components Sum of squares df Mean of square F P Groups: 2.52 9 2.79 1.41 0.0001* significant Columns: 2.58 29 8.89 4.51 Interaction: 3.55 261 1.36 Within: 1.12 5700 197.2 Total: 3.19 5999 The extent and degree of variability within and between species belonging to the same family Leiognathidae including one out-group under family Menidae were also assessed using the method of Principal component analysis. The result of PCA shows largest component scores at 96.9%. The first principal component showed high significance and accounts for as much of the variability in the data, and each succeeding component accounts for as much of the remaining variability (Table 2). Table 2 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the 5 Groups of Fishes Species Sex Eigen Value Variance 100% Leiognathus equulus Male 28.81 69.45 Female 25.52 39.61 Leiognathus fasciatus Male 32.89 96.9 Female 17.5 83.78 Leiognathus bindus Male 11.14 57.6 Female 18.9 40.43 Leiognathus daura Male 13.82 37.17 Female 15.69 50.58 Mene maculata Male 30.9 78.61 Female 18.9 85.17 Figure 3 shows that the canonical analysis was performed to automatically determine some optimal combination of variables that provides overall discrimination between groups. Results showed that the shape variations can be attributed to changes in the upper lip, caudal fin and pectoral fin and dorsal fin as shown in the deformation of shapes of the grids. The 1st relative warp extracted from the matrix of the partial-warp scores accounted for about 69.45% of the total nonaffine shape variation, whereas the 2nd relative warp explained 39.61% of the total variation. The 1st relative warp is characterized by shape changes along the upper lip between the male and female Leiognathus equulus. The specimens with highest scores on the 1st relative warp is between male and female Leiognathus fasciatus which accounted 96.9% variation and is characterized by shape changes along the dorsal fin. Biological meaning of these partial shape variations can be explained in the change in fin morphology and position, the central component of the evolutionary transformation of functional design in leiognathid fishes. Documenting phylogenetic patterns in the structure of the dorsal fin, caudal fin and pectoral fin, and interpreting the functional significance of such patterns, has been the subject of ongoing study by systematists (Breder, 1996). There is significant anatomical variation because of hydrodymic significance of evolutionary transformation in dorsal fin and the important similarities in patterns of diversity in fishes seem to indicate competition for food resources that may cause diversity in jaw apparatus among fish (Lauder, 2000). [AU8] Figure 3. Transformation Grid and Warps of the Five Species Including the Out-Group, Deformations of Grids in the Anteriormost Tip Or the Upper Lip, Dorsal Fin  and Caudal Fin. Table 3 shows that the canonical vector analysis indicated the existence of large and highly significant among group differences. The first discriminant variable is the caudal fin and highly significant (Wilks Λ = 2.0, F = 1.76, P= 0.002), the second variable that provides discrimination between groups is the pectoral fin and displayed high significance (Wilks Λ =1.0.35, F = 0.75, P= 0.81), and the snout tip (Wilks Λ = 0.51, F = 2.60, P= 0.002) and dorsal fin (Wilks Λ = 0.35, F =1.89, P= 0.002). Table 3 Canonical Vector Analysis Variable Var.N LambdaA P F Caudal fin 7 2 0.002 1.76 Pectoral fin 12 1 0.75 0.81 Upper tip 1 0.51 0.002 2.60 dorsal fin 4 0.35 0.002 1.89 Prosanta (2006) reported that the family Leiognathidae, commonly known as ponyfish or slip mouth, comprises three genera, each being characterized mainly by mouth morphology. The relationships allowed phylogenetic analyses of mouthpart structures and light organ systems. The results suggested that the morphology of the mouthparts is ancestral in the family. The results also suggested that internal sexual dimorphism of the light organ system was present in the common ancestor of a sister clade to L. equulus, whereas external sexual dimorphism seems to have evolved subsequently in two monophyletic subgroups. The evolution and diversification of L. fasciatus to other group Mene maculata under family menidae support the result of this study that the out-group exhibited similarity of morphological features from L. fasciatus. The analysis of the shape differences depicted in the fish species sampled mainly according to their systematic relationships. This agrees with the findings of Loy et al. (1993) and Rohlf et al. (1996), that the shape components may contain more taxonomic information than the uniform components of shape variation. The shape variation using geometrical analysis of landmark data can describe and locate differences of form in organisms more efficiently (Bookstein 1991). This approach has been shown to yield the most accurate information in fish morphological studies (Walker 1996; 1997), [AU9]and is expected to find increasing applications in the near future. As reported by Loy et al. (2001) shape differences between 3 sparids of the genus Diplodus juveniles appear to be related to ecological differences in their ecology. Webb (1984) [AU10]showed evidence that body shape is a reliable indicator of the swimming behavior and the ecology of fish. The link between morphology and diet in fish is provided by feeding performance (Norton 1991; Wainwright 1991; Motta and Kotrschal 1992). [AU11]As suggested by Wainwright and Richard (1995),[AU12] morphology and shapes is influence on a fish’s feeding capability. A major challenge in fish ecology is to establish the linkage between morphology and diet. Functional morphological, biomechanical, and physiological analyses may be used to determine the expected consequences of morphological variation on feeding performance (Wainwright 1988).[AU13] Conclusion and Recommendation[AU14] In this present study, the findings reveal the potential power of the use of geometric morphometric markers for characterizing shape variations in several species of fishes under family Leiognathidae for identifying phenotypic stocks. The geometric system can be successfully used to investigate stock separation within a species that allows, in a long term, a better and direct comparison of morphological evolution of stocks, while using the same set of measurements. Results of this study revealed variations in shape of the selected species of fishes under Family Leiognathidae and within each species and one out-group under family Menidae. Significant differences were found among species with respect to caudal fin, pectoral fin, upper lip and dorsal fin. These shape changes are probably related to differences in habitat and feeding habits among the species. This present study concluded the usefulness of the geometric morphometric system as a fisheries management tool and it is capable of examining large numbers of samples in a short time. It is also effective in identification of stocks and improving the biological basis of management of fishes. References Bookstein, FL. (1991). Morphometric tools for landmark data. Cambridge Univ. Press, p 435. Blake, R.W. (1983). Functional design and burst-and-coast swimming in fishes. Can J Zool, 61  (11):2491–2494 Breder, .CM. (1996). The locomotion of fishes. Zoologica, 4:159–297. Sparks, J.S. (2004). Phylogeny and biogeography of cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae)  Cladistics, 20 (6), 501-517. Loy, A.; Bertelletti, M.; Costa, C; Ferlin, L. Cataudella, S. (2001). Shape changes and growth  trajectories in the early stages of three species of the genus Diplodus (Perciformes,  Sparidae). J Morphol, 250:24–33. Prosanta, C. (2006). Evolution and diversification of a sexually dimorphic luminescent system in  ponyfishes (Teleostei: Leiognathidae), including diagnoses for two new genera. Cladistics,  20 (6), 501-517. Rohlf, F.J. (1990). Rotational fit (Procrustes) methods. In FJ Rohlf, FL Bookstein, eds. Proceedings of  the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop. Special Publication No. 2. Ann Arbor: Univ. of  Michigan Museum of Zoology, pp. 227-236. Rohlf, F.J. (1993). Relative warp analysis and an example of its application to mosquito wings. In LF  Marcus, E Bello, A  [AU15] Rohlf, F.J. (1995). Multivariate analysis of shape using partial-warp scores. In KV Mardia, CA Gill, eds.  Proceedings in current issues in statistical shape analysis. Leeds: Leeds Univ.Press,  pp. 154-158. Rohlf, F.J. (1996). Morphometric spaces, shape components, and the effects of linear  transformations. In LF Marcus, M Corti, A Loy, G Naylor, DE Slice, eds. Advances in morphometrics. NATO ASI Series A: Life Sciences, 284.[AU16] Rohlf, F.J.; Loy, M. Corti (1996). Morphometric analysis of Old World Talpidae (Mammalia,  Insectivora) using partial-warp scores. Syst. Biol. 45: 344-362. Rohlf, F.J. Marcus, L.F. (1993). A revolution in morphometrics. Trends Ecol. Evol. 8: 129-132. Rohlf, F. Slice, D.E. (1990). Extensions of the Procrustes method for the optimal superimposition of  landmarks. Syst. Zool., 39: 40-59. Turan, C. Basusta, N. (2001). Comparison of Morphometric Characters of Twaite Shad (Alosa fallax  nilotica, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1808) among three areas in Turkish Seas. Bull. Fr. Peche  Piscic. ; 362/363 : 1027-1035. Smith, P.J. (1990) Protein Electrophoresis for Identification of Australian Fish Stocks. Aus. J. Mar.  Fresh. Res., 0; 41: 823- 833. [AU17] [AU1]  236 words Ok [AU2]  598 words OK [AU3]  Not found in the References. [AU4]  Not found in the References. Use the more recent work. [AU5]  Not found in the References. If possible use their more recent work. This is very very old source. [AU6]  485 words OK [AU7]  944 words – Add some more. The Results and Discussion (combined) should be at least 1, 200 words in length. [AU8]  Not found in the References [AU9]  Not found in the References [AU10]  Not found in the References [AU11]  Not found in the References. [AU12]  Not found in the References. [AU13]  Not found in the References. [AU14]  178 words only – Add some to make the length at least 300 words. [AU15]  NOT cited in the text. Recheck and complete the information items. If book, add place of publication publisher [AU16] Not found in the text [AU17]  Not cited in the text.

My life in time :: essays research papers

Today I am an old women. My life is nearly over I am 95 life was hard as a youngster in my days but in the end I always made it out of the hard times. I have gone through a lot in my life I have seen my parents pass and my friends but I will never forgot the times we spent together because it always made us stronger. When I was a little girl my momma would always tell me. Love never fails and that is true no matter the drama or the hardships as long as you have love it never will fail. In my long life I have learned all of that. I had a strong family and we always made it out of our hard times at the age of 4 my father walked out on our family. I always had hate for my father for leaving my 3 siblings and I with a single mother. My mom always made it through the hard times she was a strong women. This shaped my life I never was able to trust or to give my heart out until I met my best friend Nadine. We shared a lot of memories together and we were the best of friends she was the one I would cry to and tell all my feelings to. She would always listen to me and I wouldn’t be judged because she had a love that never failed. As I recall I remember one time Nadine running to me in the middle of the night crying her eyes out he parents were murdered. I cried all night with her and washed her tears away I was afraid with her and didn’t know what to do I scared. My mom took her in as her child so not only was Nadine my best friend but she was also my sister. My mother met a man name sam he was the best man my mom could have ever found. He took me in as his own child and I loved him dearly. He was the father that I always wanted. We had many happy days together but in the mid- 1800's all this would change and my life would have another bump and dramatically changed my life forever. Chase 2 There was a thousand of us who were going to make the long journey from Missouri to Oregon.

Baby Dumping Essay

Child is a priceless give from Allah. However, baby dumping is a social crisis and has a chronic discarding or leaving alone, for an extended period time, a child younger than 12 months of age in a public or private setting with the intent to dispose of the child. Based on Bukit Aman Police Headquarters statistic found a total of 580 babies were found dumped between year 2011-2012 and found the number was increased day by up until now. This number of cases every year where as much as 65 baby dumping cases has increased to 83 cases in the earlier year of 2013. In the first 5 months, almost every day there are reports on dumped baby cases. This scenario had been more serious from day to day although there are a lot about this in a mass media and teenagers always seen to be involved in this situation. YOUR OPINION ABOUT THE ISSUE: In my opinion, we can avoid the baby dumping through several activities; Through campaign: To raise awareness of this issue to the public. One of the campaign’s focuses is â€Å"Kami Prihatin†. It was launched on 23rd March 2010 and activities were organized to promote child protection policy, producing the documentary and publishing community awareness advertisements in Utusan Malaysia. Other ways: Prevention programs towards the regions and categories of population with increased risks of dumping and setting up a coherent reporting and monitoring system as regards the dumping and the risk of abandonment. Standardizing the written forms and the procedures of registering women which get admitted in maternities in order to give birth and elaborating procedures for keeping records of mothers and children without identity papers and creating a database on this matter. Religion knowledge: every religion emphasizes their believer to not to do the wrong things. Long-term solutions to the problem of baby dumping require efforts at prevention. Steps must be taken to prevent unwanted pregnancies, provide assistance to parents in crisis, and increase communication within families and communities. HOW THE ISSUE CAN INFLUENCE YOU IN YOUR LIFE For me, this kind of action should be avoid totally by every single soul because the baby is an innocent and don’t know anything and even animal loves their babies. This kind of action gives me such a lesson that it will ruin our society ‘totally’. We should take a responsibilities to our action and do not let others take it. I can’t stand still if I heart this kind of case because I have the humanity sense and I think other people are agreed to my statement. Only people that have no humanity sense will dump their baby away. I will not do this action and I hope others too. I am the saddest person if I heard and look the baby being dumped by their ‘animal’ mother.

Sports Medicine Essay Rough Draft Essays - Medical Imaging

Sports Medicine Essay Rough Draft Essays - Medical Imaging Cooper Casamento Casamento 1 Ms. Vea Period 6 15 January 2016 Sports Medicine Essay Rough Draft In today's world, new technology is developing rapidly, especially in the medicine and sports medicine departments. These new forms of medicine that are being developed are being developed because many athletes are getting injured, they want to heal from these injuries faster, and they want to come back stronger from their setbacks. This sounds like a good idea, but some people are against the use of these new medicinal techniques, because they say these new medicines can ruin the body. 99 percent of these new techniques to heal faster do not hurt the body. This essay will explain how these new medicines and medicinal techniques are good things, and not bad things. Most new medicinal techniques and new sports medicines do not harm the body. An example of this is Theralase. Theralase is a laser that supplies lots of energy to the body in a short amount of time by shooting billions of photons of light at it, and this laser does not hurt the body. (Theralase, www.theralase.com). Another example of these new medicines not harming the body is Musculoskeletal Ultrasound. Musculoskeletal Ultrasound is like an X-Ray, but it is more in depth and it allows for doctors to see abnormalities that would not have been seen with just a regular X-Ray. It uses sound waves to produce images of the body. One of the main benefits of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound is that it allows for surgeons to do procedures on Casamento 2 patients easier because they have these new pictures. The best part is that this procedure is harmless, and it is quick and simple. (Ultrasound - Musculoskeletal, radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=musculous). Other than being harmless, these new medicines also have other benefits. Another benefit is that these new medicines are helpful to the body because they allow for the injured part of the body to heal faster. An example of this is Tommy John Surgery. Tommy John Surgery is a type of surgery that some Major League Baseball players have done on them, because it fixes up any problems that they have in their elbow. Instead of playing while they are injured, they can have this surgery done on them. Sometimes, the player who undergoes the surgery can come back even stronger than before. (Tommy John Surgery, webmd.com/fitness-exercise/tommy-john-surgery-ucl-reconstruction?page=1). Another example of the new types of medicines allowing for the body to heal faster is Regenokine. Regenokine is a treatment used to reduce chronic pain or arthritis. Famous athletes have used this treatment before, most notable of these athletes being Kobe Bryant and Alex Rodriguez. This procedure involves taking b ad tissue out of the body, and then processing it in a certain way, and then putting this tissue back in the body. It allows for faster healing, and even though it is currently unapproved by the FDA, it is still a legitimate and working procedure. Overall, the new types of sports medicine have many more benefits than detriments. These new procedures are harmless, they are quick and easy, they allow for athletes to heal faster, and some even allow for the possibility of the athlete coming back stronger than they were pre-injury. Williams, David. "Sports Medicine Goes High-tech." CNN. Cable News Network, 25 Oct. 2006. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. cnn.com/2006/TECH/10/12/sports.medicine/index.html> Carpenter, Les. "Report: 87 of 91 Former NFL Player Brains Have Tested Positive for CTE." The Guardian. 18 Sept. 2015. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. theguardian.com/sport/2015/sep/18/report-87-of-91-former-nfl-player-brains-have-tested-positive-for-cte> "Tommy John Surgery (UCL Reconstruction) and Recovery." WebMD. WebMD, 11 Feb. 2014. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. webmd.com/fitness-exercise/tommy-john-surgery-ucl-reconstruction?page=1>. Murray, Peter. "Regenokine: The Unproven Treatment That Professional Athletes Are Flying To Germany For - Singularity HUB." Singularity HUB. N.p., 24 Apr. 2012. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. http://singularityhub.com/2012/04/24/regenokine-the-unproven-treatment-that-professional-athletes-are-flying-to-germany-for/>. Belson, Ken. "Now Batting: A Stronger, Mandatory Helmet." The New York Times. The New York Times, 19 Feb. 2013. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. nytimes.com/2013/02/20/sports/baseball/now-batting-a-stronger-mandatory-baseball-helmet.html>. Pennington, Bill. "Doctors See a Big Rise in Injuries As Young Athletes Train Nonstop."New York Times 22 Feb. 2001: A1. Global Issues in Context. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. "Ultrasound - Musculoskeletal." RadiologyInfo. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=musculous "Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous Tenotomy." N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. http://piedmontpmr.com/ultrasound-guided-percutaneous-tenotomy-3/>. "Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)-OrthoInfo - AAOS." Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)-OrthoInfo - AAOS. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2015. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00648>. "Clinical Applications

Free Essays on Kanzen Berhad

Introduction and Issues: The author of our text (Ball, et al, International Business, 111) explains, â€Å"The simple concept of comparative advantage is the basis for international trade.† Although this simple concept can be shown mathematically to be the most efficient action for sovereign countries to achieve the best quantitative measure of resources, other forces that are interjected that complicate the entire trade process between countries. Our global open market world initiative must contend with competitive sovereign governments that have an obligation to protect its citizens even economically and create a balance between protectionism and global growth. Governments have weaved a complicated web of regulatory controls including monetary penalties on foreign businesses that encroach upon their own countries ability to remain economically viable. Other laws have been passed to allow special interest groups that represent industries to petition the legal system for justice according to their eyes, in the global arena. As exhibit 14 shows, penalties include antidumping duties or AD’s, on a specific industries product if it can be proven that the product is being sold on the U.S. market at less than what it cost the foreign firm to manufacture it, (less than fair value) and is causing or threatens to cause material injury to a U.S. industry. Synopsis: Kanzen Berhad, known as KB, company in Malaysia and a subsidiary of Kanzen Tetsu Sdn. Bhd., (KTSB), was in fact facing this very dilemma of having AD duties imposed against heir stainless steel products that they manufacture and ship mainly (80%) to the United States. A U.S. lobby group for the steel industry, Specialty Tubing Group, STG, had petitioned the Bush Administration to impose Antidumping duties on Malaysia and Thailand claiming the U.S. steel pipe industry is in jeopardy from imports selling at â€Å"below cost†. Issues Defined: Mr. EuHong Chew, Sr. Manager and Dir... Free Essays on Kanzen Berhad Free Essays on Kanzen Berhad Introduction and Issues: The author of our text (Ball, et al, International Business, 111) explains, â€Å"The simple concept of comparative advantage is the basis for international trade.† Although this simple concept can be shown mathematically to be the most efficient action for sovereign countries to achieve the best quantitative measure of resources, other forces that are interjected that complicate the entire trade process between countries. Our global open market world initiative must contend with competitive sovereign governments that have an obligation to protect its citizens even economically and create a balance between protectionism and global growth. Governments have weaved a complicated web of regulatory controls including monetary penalties on foreign businesses that encroach upon their own countries ability to remain economically viable. Other laws have been passed to allow special interest groups that represent industries to petition the legal system for justice according to their eyes, in the global arena. As exhibit 14 shows, penalties include antidumping duties or AD’s, on a specific industries product if it can be proven that the product is being sold on the U.S. market at less than what it cost the foreign firm to manufacture it, (less than fair value) and is causing or threatens to cause material injury to a U.S. industry. Synopsis: Kanzen Berhad, known as KB, company in Malaysia and a subsidiary of Kanzen Tetsu Sdn. Bhd., (KTSB), was in fact facing this very dilemma of having AD duties imposed against heir stainless steel products that they manufacture and ship mainly (80%) to the United States. A U.S. lobby group for the steel industry, Specialty Tubing Group, STG, had petitioned the Bush Administration to impose Antidumping duties on Malaysia and Thailand claiming the U.S. steel pipe industry is in jeopardy from imports selling at â€Å"below cost†. Issues Defined: Mr. EuHong Chew, Sr. Manager and Dir...

Explain about this picture using roland barthes Essay

Explain about this picture using roland barthes - Essay Example The coastal background of the picture is ideal; tourist can have a cool breeze at the coastline of any ocean or sea. In addition, human beings can manifest the world through pictures, not just through photojournalism (Watson, 2012). Our snaps are a perfect example of how human beings can view the world as a social construct or our personal, individual life. The picture’s relevance can be drawn from the context in which it was taken. Denotative quality of the photograph is portrayed by the human being and the coastal objects contained in the photograph and their relationship with the human being. Denotatively, human beings can find coastline settings ideal for holidays and tourism activities. Tourism is also important for economic growth as well as contributing to employment opportunities. The content of the photograph’s message shows the literal reality of how human beings enjoy nature. The scene is real and not imaginary (Noth, 1995). A photograph is a proof that the holiday adventure occurred in reality. The picture may be distorted; however, there is some evidence that something occurred, which resembles the picture. The notion of style in the picture is evident because it represents reality. The object (human being and the coastline) are objects from reality. The pose in the picture represents how human beings can enjoy the sunshine at the coast. In addition a relaxed pose shows how holiday experiencing can be fulfilling. Stress levels can be reduced when human beings find time to relax and be away from work. Holiday activities rejuvenate strength lost during work. After leisure or holiday, more effort can be achieved at work. Use of communication technologies such as phones helps to get in touch with families and friends. The picture’s background also shows how human beings should relate with the environment. The coastal background is clean and free from waste. Waste disposal to the

Merits of Joining a Human Resources Professional Association Essay

Merits of Joining a Human Resources Professional Association - Essay Example Keeping in mind that one is in the establishment stage of his/her career with the expectation of acquiring the position of a manager, the membership of Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) had been found to be suitable. This is because, in addition to providing professional membership, SHRM provides opportunities to enhance owns knowledge, gain information from fellow members through networking and access to valuable resources pertaining to latest HR issues. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 3 Overview 4 Relative Merits of Joining a Human Resources Professional Association 4 Comparative Analysis of some of the Human Resources Professional Associations 6 Society for Human Resource Management 6 Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development 7 Dubai Human Resources Forum 8Â   Arabian Society for HR Management 9 Australian Human Resource Institute 10 Decision of the Selection of a Human Resources Professional Association and its Justification 11 Conclusion 13 References 15 Overview This report discusses the relative merits of joining a Human Resources Professional Association. The report conducts a comparative analysis of some of the renowned Human Resources Professional Associations and then selects a particular association that suits the professional requirements considering the candidate’s career stage. ... Â  As an individual with around 14 years of experience in the Human Resource Department (HRD), the rationale for willingness to join a Professional Association is to develop and enhance the HR skills by means of journals as well as magazines which are comprised with the membership of any Professional Association. Involvement with a Professional Association provides with the opportunity to attend conferences as well as conventions with proficient and professional speakers. Thus, being a member of a Human Resource Professional Association would provide an HR professional with an opportunity to access his/her career proceedings and specific human resource job listings. In addition to this, Professional Associations offer career networking opportunities with other members of the association. Human Resource Professional Association gives an individual admittance to the most beneficial and existing HR networks as a professional (Gatewood & Et. Al., 2010) Furthermore, Human Resource Profes sional Association would augment an individual’s professional development in addition to presenting information about issues pertaining to HRD. Every local or the international Human Resource Professional Association publishes informative newsletters and journals related to issues of Human Resource Management (HRM). Such Professional Associations also update their websites with significant HR issues along with fresh developments in the HR field. Moreover, these Professional Associations regularly coordinate and conduct professional development programs and conferences consisting of industry associated exposures and knowledge for their members.

Reading Responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading Responses - Essay Example The storm ends and Alcee quickly leaves before Bobinot arrives home, worried that his wife will be upset about her son getting wet and dirty from the storm. She says she is just happy to have her family back at home with her and tells her husband nothing of the encounter with Alcee, and he suspects nothing. That night, Alcee sends his wife, Clarisse a letter saying he misses her, but that she and the children should stay in Alabama for another month and enjoy the summer. Clarisse receives the letter and is happy for her husband’s permission to stay in Alabama, where she is enjoying a freedom she hasn’t felt since her days as a single woman. The first thing I noticed was the way the dialog was written. It wasn’t proper English, but instead written so the reader hears the way the characters sound when reading it. For example, when Bobinot tells his son that his mother is home alone during the storm, the sentence is written, â€Å"No; she ent got Sylvie. Sylvie was helpin’ her yistiday† (129) as opposed to proper English of â€Å"No, she doesn’t have Sylvie. Sylvie was helping her yesterday.† Because of this, I can easily hear what the characters sound like. I think that adds a lot to the story and helps us understand where the story takes place – Louisiana.

Language as a Powerful Mind Control Weapon Essay Example for Free

Language as a Powerful Mind Control Weapon Essay Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) is a classic dystopian novel by English author George Orwell. Akin to the latter’s earlier work, Animal Farm (1945), Nineteen Eighty-Four is a cautionary tale about the dangers of totalitarianism. The novel’s main character, Winston Smith, is a civil servant tasked with disseminating government propaganda through the forging of records and political literature. Disillusioned with such a mechanistic existence, Smith begins an uprising against the regime – a move which later resulted in his incarceration and torture. The esteem of Nineteen Eighty-Four can be attributed mainly to its frank and vivid portrayal of the perpetuation of the status quo at the expense of individual rights (Gearon 65). Many of the novel’s terminologies and ideas, such as â€Å"doublethink,† â€Å"Orwellian,† â€Å"Newspeak† and â€Å"Big Brother,† eventually acquired secure places in the English language (Trahair 289). At present, some thinkers even use these expressions and concepts to criticize repressive government policies. The term â€Å"Orwellian,† for instance, is currently an idiom that refers to any form of normalcy that closely resembles the Party (Cameron 151). One of Orwell’s major arguments in the novel is that language is the totalitarian government’s most powerful weapon of mind control. Through the usage of deceptive language and propaganda, as well as the modification of language, the Party was able to manipulate the thoughts and beliefs of the citizens of Oceania. Newspeak was the Party’s primary means of misleading the citizens of Oceania (Thomas, Singh, Peccei, Jones and Wareing 39). It was a corrupted form of Standard English (known in the novel as Oldspeak) that reflected the principles of Ingsoc. â€Å"Undesirable† words were eliminated from the lingua franca, while those that were retained were stripped of â€Å"unorthodox† denotations (Ji 1). Consequently, it became impossible to develop other modes of thought in Newspeak (Orwell 144). Newspeak was more than just a language – it was the â€Å"(embodiment) of the totalitarian (mindset) of the Party members† (Gerovitch 12). To accommodate alternate views would increase the possibility of encountering â€Å"heretical† thoughts (Gerovitch 13). It is no longer surprising, therefore, if the Party required all inhabitants of Oceania to use Newspeak – doing so was a very convenient way of indoctrinating them with Ingsoc beliefs. The immense power of language to control the mind is not a fictional phenomenon. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (n. d. ) argued that language determined how human beings perceived their environment (Thomas, Singh, Peccei, Jones and Wareing 39). This assumption is composed of two parts – linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism. Linguistic relativity theorized that the languages of different cultures do not necessarily have equivalent systems of representation. Linguistic determinism, meanwhile, asserted that a language not only reflected certain aspects of reality but also influenced the speaker’s thought process (Thomas, Singh, Peccei, Jones and Wareing 25). It would be fair to say that the premise behind the development and usage of Newspeak was based on the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. In the novel’s appendix, it is revealed that Ingsoc was originally known as English Socialism (Orwell 143). But during the time of English Socialism, people spoke Standard English. Consequently, they were exposed to radical ideas that inspired them to turn against the Party (Ji 1). In retaliation, the Party silenced them through punishment and terror (Ji 1). The Party eventually viewed the period of English Socialism as one that was characterized with violence and lawlessness. Standard English, meanwhile, was regarded as a relic of an anarchic past that must be discarded at all costs. The Party even set a year in which they expected Standard English to be already nonexistent – 2050 (Orwell 143). In the appendix of the novel, Orwell wrote the Party’s ultimate dream – a society wherein everyone accepted the official ideology even without the threat of punishment and terror (Ji 1). This was only possible, however, if they had no access to subversive ideas. It must be noted that in the context of the novel, Standard English was regarded as the source of dissident concepts. The Party therefore realized that Standard English must be replaced with a singular and specially contrived language – Newspeak. When people spoke, heard, read and wrote only in Newspeak, they could be kept under control even without outright state persecution (Ji 1). Newspeak was the official language of Oceania and had been devised to meet the ideological needs of Ingsoc, or English Socialism. In the year 1984 there was not as yet anyone who used Newspeak as his sole means of communication, either in speech or writing. The leading articles in The Times were written in it, but this was a tour de force which could only be carried out by a specialist. It was expected that Newspeak would have finally superseded Oldspeak (or Standard English, as we should call it) by about the year 2050. (143) The purpose of Newspeak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the (worldview) and mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc, but to make all other modes of thought impossible. It was intended that when Newspeak had been adopted once and for all and Oldspeak forgotten, a heretical thought – that is, a thought diverging from the principles of Ingsoc – should be literally unthinkable, at least so far as thought is dependent on words. Its vocabulary was so constructed as to give exact and often very subtle expression to every meaning that a Party member could properly wish to express, while excluding all other meanings and also the possibility of arriving at them by indirect methods. This was done partly by the invention of new words, but chiefly by eliminating undesirable words and by stripping such words as remained of unorthodox meanings, and so far as possible of all secondary meanings whatever. To give a single example. The word free still existed in Newspeak, but it could only be used in such statements as â€Å"This dog is free from lice† or â€Å"This field is free from weeds. † It could not be used in its old sense of â€Å"politically free† or â€Å"intellectually free† since political and intellectual freedom no longer existed even as concepts, and were therefore of necessity nameless. (144) A person growing up with Newspeak as his sole language would no more know that equal had once had the secondary meaning of â€Å"politically equal,† or that free had once meant â€Å"intellectually free,† than for instance, a person who had never heard of chess would be aware of the secondary meanings attaching to queen and rook. There would be many crimes and errors which it would be beyond his power to commit, simply because they were nameless and therefore unimaginable. (148-149) This ambition, however, was not without serious consequences. The individual rights of the people of Oceania were severely violated. They constantly lived in fear of government reprisal – landscapes across London were bombarded with posters of â€Å"Big Brother† with the caption â€Å"Big Brother is Watching You† (Orwell 1). Two-way television sets – telescreens – were installed in all homes and public establishments in order to monitor the populace for any sign of subversive activity (thoughtcrime). Worse, the Party encouraged everyone to spy on one another. Even children were ordered to report their parents to the authorities (Thought Police) if they caught them committing a thoughtcrime. Winston Smith was among those who paid the ultimate price. Upon his arrest, he was taken to the Ministry of Love, where he was subjected to electroshock torture. Winston was afterwards taken to the infamous Room 101, where a prisoner was tortured by being exposed to his or her greatest fear. Winston’s primal fear was rats – he was therefore tortured by having a wire cage full of starving rats brought near to his face. Petrified, Winston finally accepts Party ideology and was later released as a brainwashed individual. Sadly, it is obvious that Orwell’s warning in Nineteen Eighty-Four went unheeded. At present, there are still so many societies wherein people are stripped of their basic rights and liberties. What is more saddening is that some of the parties who are guilty of this wrongdoing are actually claiming that they are staunch advocates of freedom, justice and equality. They use elaborate propaganda to proclaim their â€Å"advocacy† while acting in a completely opposite manner. The Party used language in order to keep the people of Oceania silent, ignorant and oppressed. In doing so, the former proved that evil prospers where good is silent. Orwell, on the other hand, used words in order to expose and fight this atrocity. In doing so, he proved that the pen is mightier than the sword. Works Cited Cameron, Deborah. Verbal Hygiene. New York: Routledge, 1995. Gearon, Liam. Freedom of Expression and Human Rights: Historical, Literary and Political Contexts. Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press, 2006. Gerovitch, Slava. From Newspeak to Cyberspeak: A History of Soviet Cybernetics. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2004. Ji, Fengyuan. Linguistic Engineering: Language and Politics in Mao’s China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004. Orwell, George. Nineteen Eighty-Four. n. p. : n. d. Thomas, Linda, Ishtla Singh, Jean Stilwell Peccei, Jason Jones, and Shan Wareing. Language, Society and Power: An Introduction. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2004. Trahair, R. C. S. Utopia and Utopians: A Historical Dictionary. Santa Barbara: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999.

Inconsistent Terminology for Emerging Technologies :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Inconsistent Terminology for Emerging Technologies Emerging technologies affect not only the computing world but other worlds as well. In the past ten years the English language has expanded to include new terms such as blog and instant messaging. Unfortunately, not all new words are reviewed and approved by a central source and often common terminology fragments into different styles and usage. Perhaps the word web site best typifies this behavior. Although a web site is hardly new in terms of technology, publications have been rife with inconsistent usage. However, of the various permutations, the etymology of web site is the most practical. Most traditional sources such as the American Psychological Association Style Guide seem to skirt the issue altogether with a list that includes Web and e-mail, but not site. Or, when electronic sources are cited, they are listed as being found â€Å"on-line† (APA). While traditional style guides have often outlined best practices for grammar and terminology, only a few published style guides are dedicated to the forum of the World Wide Web. One of the oldest web-dedicated style guides, the Yale Style Guide, makes no direct reference to the usage of the term web site, but consistently refers to it as Web site. Additionally, Gerry McGovern’s Web Content Style Guide adheres to the one-word usage of website. However, the same book curiously advises two different usages of the word web. The use of a capitalized Web is recommended when the word is used on its own to refer to the World Wide Web (example; The Web has grown immensely in popularity.). The second use is a lowercase web, when the word is used as an adjective, such as web users (McGovern 2002). A brief look at online web dictionaries and terminology guides may indicate that Web site is the most popular term. Webopaedia uses the Web site as an entry, as well as NetLingo. But when turning to the experts of the Web, such as Jakob Nielsen, one will discover that Nielsen voices stong opinions about web usability standards but goes against the grain in his use of the term website. In 1997, Wired magazine launched a short-lived companion site to its published handbook WiredStyle with the following explanation for its use of Web site: "Web" is a proper noun, and so deserves its initial cap. When using "Web" as a modifier, we keep the cap and strongly resist the urge to close "Web" up with other nouns.

Building & Maintaining Customer Relationships Essay

Company Overview Wal-Mart is the world’s largest retailer company, which has operated on the market since 1962. The existence of such type of stores on the market becomes urgent.   This phenomenon can be easily explained by the lowering standards of living and economic slowdowns. The company was found in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas (Wal-Mart, 2005). Its founder, Sam Walton opened the first distribution center in 1970, which was a starting point for further expansion, and in two years it was included in the list on the New York Stock Exchange. Today, none of the discount retailers is more popular than Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart merchandises a wide range of goods from tables to combs. Wal-Mart is the leader of the full-line discounters, with many stores cov ­ering 120,000 square feet (or more) of floor space; food accounts for about a third of floor space and sales (Wal-Mart Home Page, 2006). Acquisition Strategy Wal-Mart uses acquisition strategy as the main tool to access and penetrate new markets around the globe and expend nationally. The first wave of acquisitions took place at the end of 1970s when Wal-Mart acquired 16 Mohr-Value stores in Michigan and Illinois (1977), Hutcheson Shoe Company (1978), Woolco stores (1983), Grand Central Stores (1985), Supersaver (1988). Acquisition policy has been undoubtedly the most radical growth strategy open to management in that it represents a deliberate attempt to change the nature of the business (Is Wal-Mart Good for America, 2004). Executives at Wal-Mart spent most of 1990 trying to expand the brand’s customer base, and results have been promising. With hindsight, however, it is clear that Wal-Mart paid too much for the acquisitions. As noted previously, Wal-Mart is currently in the midst of its own financial retrenchment. Acquisition policy occurs when the new business is related in some way to the old one. The opening up of the market and the resultant increased competition has widened the perspective of the planning framework with profound implications for Wal-Mart. During this period of time, Wal-Mart acquired Western Merchandisers, Inc and McLane Company of Temple (1990),   28 units from The Wholesale Club, Inc (1991). During 1990s, Wal-Mart has used acquisition strategy to expand internationally and acquired 122 Woolco stores in Canada (1994), opened new stores in Puerto-Rico (1992) and penetrates Korean and Chinese markets through joint venture strategy, and entered German market in acquiring Wertkauf (1998) and Interspar (1999). For instance, acquisition with Woolco stores allowed Wal-Mart to subject to a complex regulate framework whereas others are less so (Watch Out Europe: Here Comes Wal-Mart, 1999). Still, even if it is possible to predict the needs of customer there are some threats and new opportunities, which should be taken into consideration (Oliva, n.d.). There are no specific regulations governing the goals and structures of the industry, there is no constitutional restrictions or legislative mandate that restricts acquisition (Bianco, Zellner, 2003). In October 09 2006.Black Agenda Radio reported that Wal-Mart was going to enter Australian market making its first acquisition in Australia this year. They announced that Wal-Mart made investments in Brazilian retail chain Sonae and Central American Retail Holding Company (CARHCO). Also, â€Å"On 28 July 2006, Wal-Mart announced it will exit the German retail market by selling its 85 â€Å"Supercenters† to retailer Metro AG on the back of pre-tax losses of approximately U.S. $1 billion on its German operations† (Wal-Mart’s Germany Exit, 2006). So, acquisition strategy employed by Wal-Mart provides the buyer with quick growth as well as access to existing brand suppliers, distributors, and goods. Retention Strategy Unlike the transactional, functionally-orientated approach, relationship marketing in food retailing industry is a cross-functional process concerned with balancing marketing efforts among key markets. To create a winning customer retention strategy, Wal-Mart expends its product lines and improves its customer services. For instance, Wal-Mart implemented RFDI solutions and handheld computers linked to in-store computers which helped to transform its business worldwide (RFID to Transform, 2004). The strength of retention strategy is that it is on average as dependent on reliable information technology as any other businesses. They care more about reliable service and confidence than about the lowest price. The company implemented IT supply chain solutions and Internet facilities in order to meet customers’ needs and requirements. A critical issue within the customer market domain in the USA is to ensure that customer retention as well as customer acqui ­sition is emphasized. Recognition of the significant link between customer retention and profitability is leading to new and better strategies for strengthening customer satisfaction and loyalty (RFID to Transform Real-Time, 2004). Branding, advertising, promotion, and additional services to customers and product innovation strengthen the company’s image (Sell Your Product, †¦ 2004). In-Store Checkout TV Channels are introduced in different locations around the country aimed improve customer service and engage customers in buying process. This strategy decreases time and efforts that customers must expend to learn about the products. Wal-Mart reduces prices seasonally in order to attract new customers and benefit existing buyers. Wal-Mart’s customers evaluate an item of a given specification in terms of its total expected costs, i.e. acquisition price plus any necessary additional expenses associated with an item: it can be installation, running and maintenance costs, all discounted to the present time in order to take account of cash flows over a period of time. In the same way the cost of a transport movement or service may be expressed in terms of the original price of acquisition plus any additional and necessary costs or expenses (Brown Quintin, 2000). It is possible to distinguish two aspects of costs: price and expenses. Trying to provide customer service an organization considers these two measurements. In evaluating an organization, customers consider or respond to these two measurements. Mobile computing and increased staffing for weekends help to overcome retention and improve customer service (The Big Secret Is Continue†¦ 2006). Strengths and Weaknesses of Wal-Mart’s Acquisition and Retention The main strength of Wal-Mart acquisition and retention strategies is that they improve company’s position on the market; they are customer-oriented and help Wal-Mart to expend internationally. Also, the management team of Wal-Mart takes into consideration that direct Investment involves sev ­eral distinct forms. Ranging from a sales/marketing subsidiary through to a fully operational manufacturing unit producing the same products as the domestic plant, investment includes product specific manufacturing units, plants producing components and facilities which simply assemble products in the end-user market (Davison, Smith, 2005). At the very beginning the strengths included high potential to growth and profitability of the company, and professional management team, customer loyalty and excellent service. It is targeted at the customers, which buy discounted and unpackaged goods from manufactures at extremely low prices (The Ever-Expanding Empire, 2004). For Wal-Mart, acquisition and retention strategies help to save millions of dollars on advertising and market penetration. Wal-Mart plans on a combination of forecasting and budgeting systems can only work if the future is going to be the same as the present or the past. Wal-Mart will succeed in redu ­cing costs in the next few years of the decade by international acquisition strategies. The main weaknesses include negative attitude of foreign competitors and strict government regulations restricted foreign ownership in some countries. For instance, in 2002 Wal-Mart’s attempts to buy Supermercados Amigo in Puerto Rico were blocked in order to prevent anti-competition policies and foreign dominance of Wal-Mart. Also, Wal-Mart has made attempts to acquire Ahold’s operations in Argentina, Brazil and Peru. Another weakness of Wal-Mart is comparatively low wages which increase dissatisfaction with its policies (Is Wal-Mart Good for America, 2004). This situation negatively affects company’s image and causes critics in press. Changes in legislation and international regulations can weaken Wal-Mart’s global presence and limits its acquisition plans. For instance, the end of 1990s was marked by the changes on the European market which altered many of the parameters of competition and thus enforced a period of reassessment and adaptation (Person of the Week, 2006). Recommendations Taking into account current acquisition and retention strategies and activities, the best collusions for Wal-Mart are planning for com ­petitiveness and are actively involved in re-investing profits in new critical assets. Wal-Mart may choose to concentrate on its core strengths and rationalize its portfolio, focus its activities on a particular geographic area or centre on a particular user segment. Wal-Mart, as a result of being able to adapt to changing competitive demands, is likely to survive in the long term. The changes can be incremental or major in their nature, but each type provides specific advantages to deliver customer satisfaction. It is possible to conclude that effective international and national marketing depends upon effective marketing system employed by a company. The company needs better management facilities outside the USA to control and monitor performance around the world. For Wal-Mart acquisition should be key market-entry strategy that entails purchasing multiple existing outlets in a foreign and domestic market. CRM (customer relationship management) can be seen as one of the main tool to improve current service and attract potential target audience. Maintenance of high standards is a key factor to improve customer service. References Bianco, A., Zellner, W. â€Å"Is Wal-Mart too powerful?† Business Week, October 6, 2003, p.5. The Big Secret Is Continue to Do What You Do Best. Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), November 28, 2005, p. 3. Black Agenda Radio. Wal-Mart’s siege in Chicago. KPFK, October 09, 2006. Brown, R., St Quintin, R.E. Distribution Sector Faces Major Impact. The Birmingham Post (England), February 17, 2000, p. 41. Davison, J., Smith, S.E. (2005). â€Å"Wal-Mart Finds Dominance Harder to Achieve in Europe†. 2 Sept. Gartner Research. Available at: gartner.com/resources/ 130800/130826/walmart_finds_d.pdf The Ever-Expanding Empire; after Wal-Mart Chief Talks to Key Men in Europe He Has a Big Message for His Shareholders. The Evening Standard (London, England), May 27, 2004, p. 40. Is Wal-Mart Good for America? TV program Online Nov 16, 2004. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/walmart/ 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oliva, S.M. Price Check on Antitrust: WalMart’s Acquisition of Britain’s Safeway PLC. Capitalism Magazine. 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